Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon. It causes ulcers, or open sores, in the colon’s lining, leading to symptoms like diarrhea, bleeding, and severe cramping. The condition results from an overactive immune system that attacks the colon, leading to inflammation and damage. Although the exact cause is unknown, risk factors include genetics, age, and ethnicity, with those of Ashkenazi Jewish descent at higher risk. While there’s no cure, treatment can manage symptoms, allowing for periods of remission. Early management is crucial to avoid severe complications like anemia, colon cancer, and colectomy.