Christopher D. Nielsen, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, discusses issues with a patent foramen ovale.

References and Resources
Butera G, Romagnoli E, Sangiorgi G, et al. Patent foramen ovale percutaneous closure: the no-implant approach. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2008 May;5(3):317-21.

Sharma VK, Teoh HL, Chan BP. Relationship between patent foramen ovale and ischemic cerebrovascular events in children. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2008 Apr 1;71(5):716-7.

Doufekias E, Segal AZ, Kizer JR. Cardiogenic and aortogenic brain embolism. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Mar 18;51(11):1049-59.

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Christopher D. Nielsen, M.D.

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