Jaime Landman, MD, Director of Minimally Invasive Urology at Columbia Medical Center, describes technological advances in endoscopy and lasers used to treat kidney disease.

References and Resources
Andonian S, Okeke Z, Smith AD. Digital ureteroscopy: the next step. J Endourol. 2008 Apr;22(4):603-6.

Fuchs GJ. Milestones in endoscope design for minimally invasive urologic surgery: the sentinel role of a pioneer. Surg Endosc. 2006 Apr;20 Suppl 2:S493-9. Epub 2006 Mar 23. Review.

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