Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies target platelets, leading to their destruction in the spleen and resulting in reduced platelet counts. It often presents acutely in children after viral infections, while adult cases are typically chronic, especially in middle-aged women. Symptoms include widespread purpura, bruising, oral bleeding, and hematuria. Notably, splenomegaly is absent. ITP is a diagnosis of exclusion, confirmed by isolated thrombocytopenia on a normal complete blood count. Most children recover spontaneously, but treatment—when needed—includes corticosteroids, IVIG, thrombopoietin receptor agonists, or splenectomy in more severe or persistent cases.