Francis Spinale, MD, PhD, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, discusses the effect of elevated levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases on cardiac remodeling and diastolic heart failure.

References and Resources
Ahmed, SH, et al. Matrix Metalloproteinases/Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases. Relationship Between Changes in Proteolytic Determinants of Matrix Composition and Structural, Functional, and Clinical Manifestations of Hypertensive Heart Disease. Circulation. 2006;113:2089-2096.

Spinale, FG. Myocardial matrix remodeling and the matrix metallopoteinases: influence on cardiac form and function. Physiol Rev. 2007;87:1285-1342.

Ouazuonian, M, et al. Diastolic heart failure: mechanisms and controversies. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2008;5:375-86.