Dr. Vilayanur Ramachandran explores four neurological conditions revealing the brain’s complexity. Blindsight shows how some blind individuals detect motion without seeing, indicating separate visual pathways. Visual neglect involves ignoring half of the visual field and body parts due to brain hemisphere damage. Capgras delusion occurs when individuals believe loved ones are impostors, highlighting the importance of emotional connections in face recognition. Phantom limb syndrome causes amputees to feel sensations from missing limbs, demonstrating confusion in the brain’s body map. Each condition offers profound insights into how our brains construct reality and our sense of self.