Russell K. Portenoy, MD, Chairman, Department of Pain Medicine & Palliative Care at Beth Israel Medical Center in New York, discusses four categories of outcomes involved in monitoring the efficacy and safety of long-term opioid therapy. They can be recalled by the “Four As” acronym – analgesia, adverse effects, activities and aberrant behavior.
This content was developed with Russell Portenoy, MD.
Russell Portenoy, MD has indicated the following financial disclosures during the past 12 months:
- Advisor/speaker
- Arsenal Medical Inc.
- Grupo Ferrer
- Xenon
Departmental educational/research grants
- Ameritox
- Archimedes Pharmaceuticals
- Boston Scientific
- Covidien Mallinckrodt Inc.
- Endo Pharmaceuticals
- Forest Labs
- K-Pax Pharmaceuticals
- Meda Pharmaceuticals
- Medtronics
- Otsuka Pharma
- ProStrakan
- Purdue Pharma
- Salix
- St. Jude Medical
